|
Banana :
The
state has potentiality for both tall and dwarf banana varieties. The dwarf
varieties are more prominent in inland districts while the tall varieties are
widely grown in coastal tracts. Patakapura variety of banana belonging to
Northman group is a traditional variety of Puri district. The fruits are more
delicious and highly qualitative with poor keeping quality. This variety
fetches very high prices in the market than the other types. The verities is
very specific to the particular agroclimate. Under tall varieties, Champa
& Chini Champa, Chakrakelli are improved types. Dwarf cavendish, Robusta,
Srimanta are dwarf types grown successfully in commercial scale in the state.
There are several hill bananas grown by tribals along the hill streams. The
verities are Muguni, Bukuphata, Podasingha, Birupakhi etc. There are several
verities of culinary types of Banana like Bantal, Gaja Bantal , Paunsia
Bantal, Mendhi Bantal etc. Banana is considered as the most auspicious plant
and the fruits are use for offering to Hindu Deities. Banana is produced in a
total area of 24,700 ha. which approximate production 2.80 lakh M.T.
OTHER SHORT DURATION
IMPROVED FRUITS
Papaya and pineapple are two important short duration improved fruits grown
through out the state. Approximate area covered is about 20,000 ha.
Production of Quality
Planting Materials :
The Department of Horticulture is having 98 progeny orchards located in
different districts where grafts, gootees and seedlings are raised from
progeny plants for distribution to the farmers and subsided price. It has
potentiality for producing 35 lakhs of planting materials. The present level
of production is about 25 lakhs of Mango, Sapota, Coconut seedlings,
Kagzilime & Other fruit seedlings.
Vegetables :
Orissa ranks 2nd position as far as production of vegetable is concerned in
National level. The per capita consumption of vegetables in the state is
highest in the country. There is potentiality for growing all types of
tropical, sub-tropical and temperate vegetable. Sub-tropical and temperate
vegetable like Tomato, Capsicum, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Knolkhol, Carrot,
Beat, Pea, Beans, Potato are confined to winter season. Other tropical
vegetables like Brinjal, Bhendi, Cucumber, Watermelon, Gourds are grown
through the year. Some parts of Koraput, Keonjhar, Gajapati and Khandamal
districts are growing above sub-tropical vegetables during summer and monsoon
as off season vegetables. Several vegetables are also grown in riverbeds
where the water flow and depth of water level is congenial during winter and
summer months. Potato, watermelon , Onion, Gourd are important vegetables for
riverbed cultivation. The total area under vegetable cultivation during
different season is indicated below:
|
|
Area ( ha.)
|
Production
|
|
A. Rabi vagetable
|
4.33 lakhs
|
49.00 lakh MT
|
|
B. Kharif vegetable
|
2.37 lakhs
|
30.00 lakh MT
|
|
C. Summer vegetable
|
1.18 lakhs
|
21.00 lakh MT
|
Potato :
Potato is the most popular vegetable of the rich and poor . It is grown
through out the state as winter season vegetables. There is also potentiality
for this crop to be grown during monsoon in Koraput, Phulbani nad Keonjhar
districts. The coverage is about 17,760 ha. and the production is 2,48,640
MT. There is wide gap between the demand and production in the state.
Government have taken special drive to increase the production of potato by
expanding is crop area and productivity through supply of certified and
foundation stock of seed potatoes to the farmers at subsidised price. The
state is having 59 nos. of cold storages with 1,16,370 MT of storage
capacity.
Onion :
Although Onion is suitably grown through
out the state but there are traditional pockets for commercial cultivation
for the district of Angul, Sonepur, Boudh, Kalahandi, Khariar and Dhenkanal.
The production is 3.59 lakh MT out of 46,400 ha. of crop coverage. There are
little facilities in the State for storage of onion. Most of the harvested
crops are transported to other states having better storage facilities. Both
traditional, Multiplier and improved bulb types of onion are grown in the
state.
Spices :
Turmeric, Ginger are two most important spices crops grown in the state,
specifically by the tribals. Turmeric is a cash crop grown by Kondha types of
Kandhamal district and Langi Kondha of Gajapati district. The crop is grown
with organic manures without any chemical fertilisers by the tribals by their
indigenous methods of crop production. It has now attracted the attention of
foreign markets. The production of these crops is being increased by
integrating indigenous and modern technology. Improved varieties like Roma,
Surama, Lacdone, ranga, rasmi are being introduced and the produces are
hygienically processed by adopting improved technology. The state is surplus
in turmeric production. The total area under this crop is 26,800 ha. with
production of 64,320 MT.
Ginger :
This is another improved spice crop of the state mostly grown by the
tribsalds in some specific agroclimatic zones. The crop is mostly produced
organically and the farmers get a good return out of this crop. During recent
years after introduction of improved varieties like Suprava, Suravi, Suruchi,
its commercial cultivation has taken a momentum. The state produces 26,905MT
of Ginger from 13,520 ha. of land. Expert of organically produced by Dry
Ginger has commenced from current year, with high appreciation .
Other Spices :
Chilli, Black Peper, Cinnamon are some of the spices grown in different part
of the state for domestic market.
Floriculture :
The state has entered in to the commercial cultivation of flowers very
recently to meet its domestic market demands. Marigold, Tuberose, Gladiolus,
Jasmine, Chrysanthemum. Lotus and Champa are important flowers grown through
out the State, specifically around the townships. The state still depends
largely on neighbouring states as far as its demand is concerned. Kewda
flowers mostly collected from Ganjam district is very famous for extraction
of essential oil. The state gets more than Rs.5.00 crores out of this crop annually
from 3-4 blocks of Ganjam district.
Oil-Plam :
The Oil-Palm which produces highest tonnage of edible oil per hectare has
been introduced in the state in the year 1994-95. So far 1491 ha. of Oil-palm
have been planted in the field. The crop is successfully grown in Gajapati,
Rayagada, Dhenkanal and Sundergarh district. There is further programme for
raising in 650 ha. during 2001-02 for which seedlings are being raised in
departmental Nurseries by importing 263 lakh. Oil-palm sprouted seeds from
out side the state.
The Government of India have considered for installation of an Oil-Palm Mill
demonstration unit with 250 MT FFB capacity.
Drip Irrigation:
Adoption of Drip Irrigation system in Arid zone fruits is a new concept in
the state, introduced since 1994-95. So far 2121 ha. of Mango, Sapota,
Kagzilime, banana, Guava, Oil palm crops have been provided with drip
irrigation system. This system of irrigation has gained momentum and farmers
are showing their interest for this system.
Sprinkler irrigation is also ticking up for several commercial crops like
vegetables and betel vine crop and nurseries. Use of plastic in agriculture
is gradually finding its place as far as soil moisture management is
concerned.
Mushroom Cultivation:
Paddy straw Mushroom and Oyster Mushroom are improved type grown under
natural conditions in the state. The demand for these types of Mushroom in
different towns of the State has increased substantially. Several unemployed
youths, marginal and small farmers have taken this as good enterprises.
Several spawn production units have come up in different localities to meet
the spawn requirement of the farmers.
Climate - The climate of the state is sub-tropical in nature
with dry summer (max temp. 42 ° C ) and hot and humid wet season . Monsoon
rains starts towards the second week of June and lasts up to the second week
of October. Average annual rainfall is 1502 mm with 73 rainy days. The winter
is mild with minimum temperature of 8° C.
Soils : The
Soil of Orissa differ widely from highly acidic to slightly alkaline and from
light sandy to stiff clay. The soils are mainly acidic with degree of acidity
varying widely.
Water Resources:
Availability of water resources is associated at 15.1 million hectare
metre ( m ha m) including the water yield ( 3.7 m ha m) from the area outside
the state. Availability of surface water has been assessed to be 7.0 m ha m
and that of ground water is 1.9 m ha m. Irrigation potential created by the
end of 1999-00 is for 2.48 million ha in wet season. The sourcewise break up
is as follows.
|
Source
|
Potential Created (In
million hect)
|
|
Major &
Medium
|
1155.67>
|
|
Minor (Flow)
|
441.35>
|
|
Minor (Lift)
|
330.54>
|
|
Others
|
557.72>
|
|
Total
|
2485.28>
|
Land Use Pattern:
The state has a cultivated area
(net area sown + current fallow) of 6.4 m. hect. as against Geographical area
of 15.5 m. hect. out of which 2.9 m.hect. are high land 1.9 m.hect medium
land and 1.6 m.hect low lands. The Gross cropped area is 8.4 million ha. And
the cropping intensity is 139%. The land use pattern in the state is as
follows.
|
Area Type
|
Area in million hects.
|
Percentage
|
|
Forest area
|
5.6
|
36
|
|
Net sown area
|
6
|
39
|
|
Misc Trees and Groves
|
0.8
|
5
|
|
Permanent Pasture
|
0.5
|
3
|
|
Culturable waste
|
0.4
|
3
|
|
Land put to non-agril uses
|
0.9
|
6
|
|
Barren & unculturable waste
|
0.6
|
4
|
|
Current fallow
|
0.4
|
2
|
|
Other fallow
|
0.3
|
2
|
Area of operational
holdings
Small and marginal holdings constitute 80% of the total operational holdings
in the state . But the operational area held by them is only 47%.
Crops :
Kharif is the main cropping season of the state lasting from April to
September. This coincides with the monsoon season when most of the rainfall
is received. Crops are also grown during rabi season (From October to March)
utilizing irrigation facilities, residual moisture in the soil.Rice is the
major crop of the state occupying 53% of cropped area and contributing 69% of
foodgrains. In an year of normal rainfall, the state can produce 6.6 m.tons
of rice.
|
Orissa
enjoys 450 kms. of coastal belt most suitable for Coconut plantation. This
traditional area is predominant of tall varieties of coconut which thrive for
more than 100 years and start fruiting from 4th to 8th year depending on its
maintenance . Under non-traditional areas, the basin of river Bainsadhara in
Rayagada and some valleys in different inland districts are found to be
suitable for the crops. The productivity of such plants are comparatively
less than the crops in traditional areas. At present the coverage under
coconut is 28,986 hectares with average annual production of 33 nuts per
palm. Coconut is considered as the cash crop of more than 10 lakh people
residing in the coastal belt. The crop has multifarious uses and provides
Oil, Copra, Drinks, Fuel, and raw materials for coir industry.